Exam Practice - Answers from the board

Exam practice question - answer

Roosevelt once said: “We have nothing to fear, but fear itself.” Using the novel as a whole, judge the ways in which this quote pertains to life on the island for the boys.

Thesis: If the boys would not have feared so many things they would have fonction better (with fewer conflicts) as a mini-civilization

1. Losing power
1. Jack
2. Ralph
2. Beast
1. Parachute
2. Simon’s death
3. Death
1. Fire → keeping it alive
2. Hunters → afraid of starvation

Mme’s comments: thesis could be reworded, but arguments are really good

Thesis: The quote “We have nothing to fear, but fear itself” pertains to the boys life on the island as fear causes erratic behaviours which puts them in dangerous situations.

1. Jack’s fear of losing power
1. kills piggy
2. almost burns down the island and kills ralph
2. Fear of the fire going out
1. Ralph’s “freak out” (p.111)
2. Hunters let fire go out on mountain
3. Fear of the Beast
1. Makes Ralph question himself
2. Kills Simon

Thesis: The boys in Lord of the Flies had much more to fear than fear itself considering the very real dangers they were exposed to throughout  the book

1. The boys had trouble meeting their foundamental needs
1. Maintaining a fire
2. Littluns access to food
3. Hunting/shelter building/heat...
2. Corruption within the group
1. Roger’s cruelty (littluns, Henry, …)
2. Jack abusing his power, abusing SamnEric
3. Consequences of anarchy/bad leadership
1. Ralph getting hunted
2. Moral disengagement (Simon’s death)

Other example of a good thesis: Hysteria shortly becomes the source of chaos as the characters learn that they need to fend for themselves

Practice Question for LOTF Exam

Assess the relevance in which the vision of a human "at once heroic and sick" is represented in the novel.

Struggle For Power | Think Before You Act | Piggy's Glasses

Struggle For Power:

• Jack asks the people to join his tribe and have fun "Who thinks Ralph oughtn't to be chief. (...) there was a deadly silence" (p.201)
• Piggy had the conch whe he would speak 'I got the conch,' says Piggy indignitly 'You let me speak!' 'The conch doesn't count on top of the mountain,' said Jack, 'so you shut up.' (p.42)
• Ralph was constantly in a battle with Jack to gain control of the tribe. 

Think Before You Act:

• Simon's death
• First thing they did when they got on the island was make fire.

Piggy's Glasses:

       Piggy is the most intelligent, rational boy in the group, and his glasses represent the power of science and intellectual endeavor in society. This symbolic significance is clear from the start of the novel, when the boys use the lenses from Piggy’s glasses to focus the sunlight and start a fire. When Jack’s hunters raid Ralph’s camp and steal the glasses, the savages effectively take thePiggy's glasses are significant to the boys as they are the means with which the boys are able to get a fire started. Symbolically, the glasses are significant because they represent the intellectual and ordered side of humanity. The breaking of the glasses represents the breaking of the last tie to humanity that the boys have. After this event, it is a downward spiral into primal and animalistic behavior, culminating in Piggy's death. power to make fire, leaving Ralph’s group helpless.

Themes and symbol by Simon's Tribe

Fear:
-The Beast (afraid of what the Beast might be, they did not consentrate on what it actually was. It destroyed their common sense)
-Fear of not being rescued (Fire going out. Fire = life line, and rescue)
-Fear of the unknown (quote about being hunted while hunting p. 53)
-Fear causes Ralph to question all of his actions (p.100)


Wisdom and knowledge:
-It can be found in the most unexpected people (Piggy)
-Piggy had more knowledge and Ralph had more wisdom


Conch:
-Represents civilisation
-How frigile power/leadership can be
-Order
-Line between anarchy and society
-Authority

Fire and Smoke

Fire and smoke : This represents the last hope for a stable community, the common goal of being rescued. This goal however seem to get further and further away from them with the introduction of obstacles preventing them to keep it light. For example the “ beast “, the hunters not doing their job, and jack’s tribe now wanting to keep the fire going. These obstacles help represent the crumbling civilisations they have established.

Alex L.L

Themes-Loss of innocence

Loss of innocence is seen when young and inexperienced children are put in a difficult situation.  In the book LOTF, the boys who are in a plane crash are stranded on an island need to find a way to stay alive without adults.  No young child should see death from so close in such a cruel manner.  Children should also have someone older and wiser to rely on.  Since the boys are left alone on the island, they have to find ways to survive.  For ex. going hunting for food, building shelters and having important responsibilities like keeping a fire going.  Kids get distracted a lot and those are hard tasks for them to complete.

Abuse of Power, Good vs. Evil, The Beast, The Lord of the Flies

Abuse of Power

• Jack not wanting to share the meat with Piggy and Ralph after the first kill.    
• At Castle Rock, Jack abuses of his power as new chief by having the other boys bring him drinks, beating them (Samneric). In chapter 10, Jack ties up one of the boys at Castle Rock and leaves them hanging for hours.  
• The fact that abuse of power is so common on the island demonstrates how humans really are and what they are capable of.  It goes with the theme of Good vs. Evil.    

Good vs. Evil in Humans

-As the novel goes on, Jack develops a taste for violence and killing pigs

-Diffusion of responsability after Simon's death 

-Samneric still went with their instincts and helped Ralph after they switched tribes.   

-Ralph, Piggy and Simon used their power for "good" and protecting the littluns, whereas Jack and Roger were using their power for their own good. 

-The debate of whether humans are good or evil is reoccuring while reading The Lord of the Flies.  Even Ralph debates all of this after Piggy is killed.  

-Throughout the book, the good and bad things the boys depend on the situation.  The following quote come from chapter 10.                                                              

"They were savages it was true; but they were human, and the ambushing fears of the deep night were coming on."  (p 206) 

“If it were light shame would burn them at admitting these things.  But the night was dark.”  (p 209)

The Beast

-Represents the theme of fear creating hysteria.
-The Beast is a fear in the boys' heads.  Simon says: "Maybe the beast is us."  

-Though the boys want to hunt the beast, they never really can since evil is internal (explains why there were no tracks etc as Piggy mentions)

-The Beast also serves as foreshadowing since the boys were scared of themselves all along, even before they started to mutinise, murder, steal, etc.  

The Lord of the Flies

-Some people associate Simon to Jesus character-wise because of his purity and integrity.  Therefore the Lord of the Flies would be a symbol for Satan, considering it tries to tempt Simon into evil.  

-The Lord of the Flies could also represent human nature, which is why Simon is incredibly terrified of it and why Ralph immediately dislikes it and hits it when he finds it in the woods. It also explains the following quote:  

“You knew, didn’t you?  I’m part of you?  Close, close, close!  I’m the reason why it’s no go?  Why things are what they are?”  -The Lord of the Flies 

-The Beast and the Lord of the Flies are connected pretty closely.  

Theme : civilization vs savagery

Civilization vs savagery:

Ralph tries to remain civilized throughout the book meanwhile Jack is becoming more and more savage, along with those who follow him, mainly roger and his hunters. 

Those who follow Ralph try to stay civil with rules and not get carried away by the savagery on the island of jacks tribe.

Piggy is another of those trying to stay civil, jacks way of living makes him feel at risk, jack is savage and tyrannical and lives by survival of the fittest, where piggy would be one of the first gone. 

Living on a island alone proves a challenge to the boys trying to stay civil because many want to have fun in their own way, such as Jack and Roger's way by face painting, having no shirts and hunting. 

Many of the characters portrayed as civil end up becoming savage, such as the twins after being forced into Jack's tribe.

, especially after Piggy's death, as he is the most civil boy on the island

In the end though, even Ralph learns that he has become quite savage when they find the naval officer on the beach, portraying true civilization, and Ralph's portrayal of civilization crumbles as he is shown to be schocked of the officer's appearance, portraying him as savage

Quote Chapter 12

In some inland post feel their savagery, the utter savagery, had closed round him-- all that mysterious life of the wilderness that stirs in the forest, in the jungles, in the heart of wild men. There's no initiation into either such mysteries. He has to live in the midst of the incomprehensible, which is the detestable. And it has a fascination, too, which goes to work upon him. The fascination of the abomination--you know. Imagine the growing regrets, the longing to escape, the powerless disgust, the surrender, the hate.

Jospeph Conrad-- Heart of Darkness, Part 1.

Quote Challenge

Task: You will be assigned by the winners of the last challenge a quote and chapter to present to the class.

As usual, you will have to analyze the quote's meaning and analyze how the quote refers to the chapter.

The catch is that you must make this presentation interesting. Find an original way to present the quote, symbols, character development and themes in this chapter. You can include a sketch, song, rap, game to engage your audience.

You have 40 minutes to prepare. The presentations must be between 3-4 minutes long and will take place at the end of class.

Quote Chapter 11

"I put for the general inclination of all mankind, a perpetual and restless desire of power after power, that ceaseth only in death."

Thomas Hobbes

Chapter 10 Quote

"Group decision making is another common  bureaucratic practice that enables otherwise considerate people to behave inhumanely, because no single individual feels responsible for policies arrived at collectively. Where everyone is responsible, no one is really responsible."

Albert Bandura

Chapter 9 Quote

"When a person starts on the discovery of the absolute by the light of reason only, and without any assistance of sense, and perserveres until by pure intelligence he arrives at the perception of the absolute good, he at last finds himself at the end of the intellectual world, as in the case of sight at the end of the visible..."

Socrates

Chapter 8 Quote

"God is dead. We have killed him you and I."

Friedrich Nieztche

Poster Challenge

Challenge : Create a poster which represents your team’s character.

Include a quote or two on the poster, a symbol, a drawing, a well-known saying, or anything that will represent your character.

On the flip side of your poster, indicate your character’s basic personality traits and how he has changed/evolved throughout the novel.

The best poster and presentation will win the challenge. This challenge is worth 2 points. 

Quote Chapter 7

Destroy your primitivity, and you will most probably get along well in the world, maybe achieve great success- but Eternity will reject you. Follow up your primitivity, and you will be shipwrecked in temporality, but accepted by Eternity.

Soren Kierkegaard

Quote Chapter 6

During the time men live without a common power to keep them all in awe, they are in that condition which is called war; and such a war as is of every man against every man.

Thomas Hobbes

Quote Chapter 5

The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Quote Chapter 4

Nothing can be more gentle than man in his primitive state.

J. J. Rousseau

Quote for Chapter 3

And therefore if any two men desire the same thing, which nevertheless they cannot both enjoy, they become enemies.

Thommas Hobbes

Quote for Chapter 2

Knowledge is of no value unless you put it into practice.

Anton Chekhov

CLASS SURVIVOR GAME

EAE3U – Class Survivor

1. The survivor game is a class competition.

2. There will be 3 teams to begin and 4 teams by the end.

3. The teams will have to complete a series of challenges. The losing teams have to vote off members from their team every time they lose for the first 2 challenges.

4. The students who are voted off these teams will make up “Simon’s Tribe” and will continue to play in the challenges. They also start off the game by having 1 point, whereas, the opposing teams will have 0 points.

5. If, before Simon’s team is fully complete, Simon’s Tribe wins the second challenge, they get to choose which four players from the other teams joins their tribe.

6. Once all the teams are complete, the point system begins during the third challenge.

7. When a challenge is won, the winning team gets a point. The winning team ALSO gets to penalize one other team with the penalty given by the teacher.  

8. The team with the most points at the end wins the group competition. 

9. The members of this team then continue to perform in two individual challenges. During these challenges, the players from the three losing teams will vote on which player deserves to win and to move on to the last round.   

9.  During the last round, the final two players will give speeches to explain why they deserve to be "Sole Survivor". The rest of the class will vote on who the winner is.

Piggy’s Tribe (3 point)	Jack’s Tribe (3 point)
-        John -        Laura -        Richard -        Alexis -        Marguerite -        Christine -        Pascale -        Alexandre -        Shaina	-Robert -Michelle - Jonathan - Gen - Jacob Lefebvre -Jacob Leroux - Ian -Nat -Gab S -Jasmine
Ralph’s Tribe	Simon’s Tribe (5 point)
-        Gab M -        Mathieu -        Isabelle -        Kassandra -        Christian -        Ana-Julia -        Mae -        Maya -        Joshua -        Caleb	Caleb Joshua Nat Gab. S Christian Alexis Shaina Jonathan

MLA CITATION EXPLAINED

Instead of writing a footnote, in English we often cite sources using the MLA method. This is like an abbreviation of your Bibliography.

Citations are used in two circumstances:

1.    When you quote someone

2.    When you provide information such as research findings or statistics.

The reason why you must cite is because, if not, I will wonder “Where did they get this information from?”

WRITING A BIBLIOGRAPHY

The FIRST STEP to doing MLA citations is to create a BIBLIOGRAPHY.

A bibliography is a separate page at the END of your work. It is where you indicate which sources you used and the sources are always enumerated in ALPHABETICAL ORDER.

·         Here is the structure for an INTERNET article:

Ø  Author. “Page/Article title.” Website title. Publisher or sponsor, date of publication. Medium of publication. Date of access.

o   For EXAMPLE, if you found an article on TheAtlantic.com you would write:

Ryan, Kay. “Hailstorm.” The Atlantic.com. Atlantic Monthly Group, December 2003. Web. October 19^th 2009.

WRITING THE ABBREVIATION (ALSO KNOWN AS AN IN-TEXT CITATION)

The abbreviation or in-text citation is always PLACED at the END of the sentence which contains either the QUOTE or the INFORMATION. It is put in parentheses.

All you need to do is go to your bibliography, look at the source of your information, and take the FIRST WORD from the source.

If we take the same example above, the abbreviation would look like this:

In 2007, a hailstorm hit Nova Scotia causing $25 million in damage. (Ryan)

BOOKS

·         BIBLIOGRAPHY structure for a book:

Ø  Author. Book title. Place of publication: publisher, year. Medium of publication.

o   Ex: Shaw, Harry. Errors in English and Ways to Correct Them. New York: Harper Collins, 1993. Print.

·         What to put for the abbreviation or IN-TEXT citation:

Ø  Author’s name and page number, no punctuation between

o   Ex: (Shaw 209)

Notebook Instructions

LOTF Notebook Instructions

When the novel opens, nuclear war has broken out in Europe and a school from the English Home Counties has been evacuated by air to an unknown destination. The plane has touched down in Gibraltar (British territory in the south of Spain) and Addis Ababa (Ethiopia); then, still flying south-eastwards, it has been attacked, its crew killed, but its “passenger tube” released so that it can crash land on the jungle below.

The island is never named, but the description of its coral reefs, beaches and fruit trees that bear all the year round suggests that it might be an island south of Sumatra or Java, Indonesia.

The Home Counties are those of England closest to London. During WWII many children were evacuated from England, particularly from London where heavy bombing was occurring, to safer areas like Canada, Australia, the US. Many of these children spent much of the war away from home.

You are required to independently read this novel.  For each chapter, you will be required to write a Notebook Entry. You must include the following four elements for each:

1.    The key characters are: Simon, Piggy, Jack and Ralph. In a sentence or two, record an important fact about each character or a change in the boy’s character. Back up your information with a quote and page reference.

2.    Record one important event that happened in the chapter and explain its significance.

3.    The following symbols are very important: Fire/smoke, Piggy’s glasses, the conch, the Beast, and the Lord of the Flies. If any of these symbols appear or are alluded to in the chapter, explain its importance with the use of quotes.

4.    Pick two themes below. Find a quote that develops it in the chapter. Describe its importance in the chapter.

Themes:

§  Civilization vs. Savagery

§  Loss of Innocence

§  Abuse of Power

§  Struggle for Power

§  Evil vs. Good in humans

§  Think before you act

§  Fear can destroy insight and cause hysteria

§  Wisdom and Knowledge 

Quote for Chapter 1 - LOTF

Any man may easily do harm, but not every man can do good to another.

Plato

Act V- Themes and Motifs in Macbeth

Themes

• Ambition
• “Though Birnam Wood be come to Dunsinane, and thou opposed, being of no woman born, yet I will try at last.” 5.8. L, 30-33

Even though the prophecy was realised, Macbeth keeps fighting because

he believes that he can still win. ç

• “Make all our trumpets speak; give them all breath. Those clamorous harbingers of blood and death.” -Macduff 5.6. L, 9-10. 
• Foreshadowing the end of the battle, Macduff is saying that there will be blood, and death.  

The play’s conclusion itself (Macbeth and his wife dead at the hands of Macduff, the rightful king Malcolm being crowned...) sums up Shakespeare’s message on ambition’s danger.

• Fate and Free Will

• Bring me no more reports; let them fly all! / Till Burnam Wood remove to Dunsinane / I cannot taint with fear.  - Macbeth, 5.3, lines 1-3
• Macbeth starts putting so much faith in the prophecies that he stops using his free will and judgement during the final battle. In fact, by trusting fate so much Macbeth secures it.   

• Gender Roles
• “Why should I play the Roman fool, and die /  On mine own sword?  While I see lives, the gashes /  Do better upon them.” -Macbeth, 5.8, 1-3

Here, Macbeth is trying to appear strong by fighting against the Scottish thanes instead of killing himself- which is what Lady Macbeth did.  Here, Macbeth is implicitely reinforcing the gender role that the man is strong while the woman is weak and unable to handle stress or bear a cross.    

• We might have met them dareful, beard to beard, and the beat them backward home. 5.5 7-8

In the play Macbeth is confident that he is able to withstand any siege from Malcolm's forces. As a man, you are expected to be strong. Macbeth was not willing to give up his position as king despite the death of his wife. Macduff eventually kills Macbeth and he then becomes the new king.

• Reality and Illusion
• Life’s but a walking shadow, a poor player / That struts and frets his hour upon the stage / And then is heard no more.  - Macbeth, 5.6, 24-26
• Macbeth is calling life itself an illusion, as if it is devoid of meaning.  It is as if Macbeth is requestioning everything he’s done up until this point of the play to make his life better, to make himself more powerful etc.  
• “Then fly, false thanes…”  -Macbeth, 5.3, 7
• In Macbeth’s perspective, Angus and Macduff etc are all traitors for disobeying him while the opposite is true in the thanes’ perspective since Macbeth killed Duncan.  It shows the objectiveness of reality in Macbeth, both supernatural and actual.  
• Violence
• “Tyrant, show thy face!  /  If though be’st slain and with no stroke of mine, /  My wife and children’s ghosts will haunt me still.” - Macduff, 5.7, 14-16
• Shows how violence comes full-circle in Macbeth and how the play’s characters seem to crave it.  
• “Fare you well. / Do we but find the tyrant’s power tonight, / Let us be beaten, if we cannot fight.” - Siward, 5.7, 6-8
• The violence and desperation of the thanes and Scottish people in Act V show the extent of Macbeth’s tyranny as well as the way that violence comes full-circle within the play.  
• “I have almost forgot the taste of fears: /  The time has been, my senses would have cooled /  To hear a night-shriek, and my fell of faire /  Would at a dismal treatise rouse and stir /  As life were in’t.  I have supped full with horrors. /  Direness, familiar to my slaughterous thoughts, /  Cannot once start me.” - Macbeth, 5.5, 9-14
• Macbeth is saying that he has seen so much violence that now he isn’t scared by just a scream: as if he’s become callous.  It advances the theme of violence spawning violence.  

Motifs

• Blood
• Here’s the smell of the blood still.  All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand.  Oh, oh, oh!  - Lady Macbeth, 53-55.
• Shows how Lady Macbeth is guilty.  

‘’Yet who would have thought the old man [Macbeth] to have had so much blood in him?’’  5.1. L, 42-43

• Blood meaning violence, and sin.

“My [Macbeth] soul is too much charged with blood of thine[Macduff] already.”

5.8. L, 5-6. 

Macbeth is troubled by the guilt of killing Macduff’s family.

• Sleep
• Let I have known those which have walked in their sleep who have died holily in their beds. Doctor, 62-63

The doctor explains that Lady Macbeth could still die peacefully even though she is sleepwalking

• -The Queen, my lord, is dead. -She should have died hereafter. 5.5. 16-17

A woman’s cry is heard, and Seyton appears to tell Macbeth that his wife is dead.

• Macbeth always talked about Duncan as if he were sleeping as opposed to dead, and interestingly his wife’s last onstage appearance before death is sleepwalking.
• Visions
• “Out, damned spot!  Out, I say!  One: two: why, then ‘tis time to do ‘t.” -Lady M., 5.1, 38-39
• Lady Macbeth hallucinates as she sleepwalks, showing her guilty conscience.  
• Prophecy
• Macbeth relies heavily on the prophecies pronounced by the Weird Sisters during the final battle
• Fear not , till birnam wood do come to Dunsinane! And now a wood comes toward Dunsinane - Macbeth 5.6 44-45
• Macbeth sees the Birnam wood reason high on Dunsinane hill which is one of the prophecies.
• Weather

• Children

Young Siward dying

• I would not wish them a fairer death: And so his knell is knolled - Siward 5.8 48-49

Siward says his son was killed in a very respectable way while trying to defeat Macbeth. He departed well and settled his account.